紧的三个等价刻画

度量空间中:紧   ⟺  \iff 列紧   ⟺  \iff 完备 + 全有界

thm.metric-compact-equiv · 定理 · 紧 · 列紧 · 完备 · 全有界

又称紧的等价刻画·紧 等价·Heine-Borel

图外条目Wikipedia ↗·nLab ↗

陈述

设 (X, d) 是距离空间。则下列三条彼此等价:

X 紧  ⟺  X 列紧  ⟺  X 完备且全有界X\text{ 紧} \iff X\text{ 列紧} \iff X\text{ 完备且全有界}

说明

逻辑骨架全在箭头里(点箭头看证明):

于是「列紧   ⟹  \implies 全有界   ⟹  \implies 紧」与「紧   ⟹  \implies 列紧」闭合,三个概念打通。

⚠ 在一般拓扑空间里只有「紧   ⟹  \implies 列紧」成立、反向不成立 —— 列紧是度量空间特有的好运气。

English draft

Translation of the statement above · machine-drafted, pending author review · the Chinese text is authoritative.

Abstract

In a metric space the following are equivalent: compact, sequentially compact, and complete together with totally bounded. The skeleton lives in the implications: compact implies sequentially compact; sequentially compact implies totally bounded (the one place dependent choice is used) and complete; sequentially compact implies compact by the "bad ball" argument; complete and totally bounded implies sequentially compact by diagonalisation. In general topological spaces only the first implication survives — sequential compactness is a metric-space luxury.

谁指向它(入边)

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